I have found this thread in the Apple support forums with people who have the same issue and they all say the same.

The enrollment application gets canceled after a day, the support stops answering to any questions and there is no official response to this issue from Apple.

My experience is exactly the same, I have created 3 accounts and used multiple credit cards, all rejected. Note that the credit card form does not have any field for the ccv, and does not redirect to a bank confirmation page. It is a mystery to me how they could create a payment without any of these but to the first and only reply I got from apple support they stated:

"The purchase of the program doesn’t require your CCV or a passcode to verify your bank."

As this seems to be an issue Apple has decided to ignore for now and not share any support I am trying to raise some awareness in case it gets the traction needed to get Apple to deal with this or at least support the people with this issue.

https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/126314