After some difficulties with setting up remote debugging (SSH, SCTP stuff), I thought of a possible easier solution using Remote Connections (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_connection):
1. A VS Code debug window-lookalike front-end.
2. A package, which you install on your app, which sets up a debugger over the app's process, and INITIATES a WebSocket connection with a remote proxying service (see below).
3. A service which proxies the debugger's connection to the front-end, establishing the debug session.